Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 1, 2012

Health sector can be directed to a great deal of improvements by formulation of proper policies. However, policy making in human resources, the most important resource, was not regarded as much necessary as the health sector. Therefore, this study aimed to compare core stages of policy making in human resources for the health sector (HRH). Such a research can be considered as an important step for identification of the proper process for policy making in HRH.Methods and Materials: This study was a descriptive-comparative research. First of all, a discussion group consisting of human resources and health service administration elites were established. This group compared the selected models of policy making through a comparative table and projected core stages. Finally, the accuracy of the projected stages was studied by health system elites and university professors using a questionnaire with Likert method. Using the comparative table, six stages for policy making in HRH were suggested by the discussion group. These stages included issue identification, assessment, policy formulation, implementation, policy evaluation and policy review. Somehow most of these stages were partially or completely considered in the studied models. Suggested stages were agreed by elites and, the average scores showed. In the end, HRH policy making stages were showed in a model. The six-stage policy making process was confirmed by both the respondent elites and related literature. Designing a model to illustrate the details of proper process for policy making can be suggested as an influential step to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the health sector in Iran.

The students who live in boarding schools experience more stress than others which live with their parents.Therefore, the mental health of this group is of special importance. The present study attempted to examine the mental health status of adolescent students in boarding high schools in Markazi Province.Methods and Materials: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted by using stratified cluster sampling method. This study was done on 1000 subjects from 15 rural boarding schools in the academic year 2008-2009. All the subjects studied in the second year of high school and 58/4% of the students were females. Data was gathered through the Revised SCL90-R Symptoms Checklist to assess mental health symptoms and the Checklists were completed by self report secretly. T -Test Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. (P<0.05). Data showed that in all subjects the scores of Paranoid Ideation were higher than other dimensions of SCL-90-R. Girls seemed worse than boys regarding the total scores of SCL-90 and acquired higher scores in all dimensions.There was a significant difference in the mean score of the symptom checklist between girls and boys in all dimensions, except symptoms of Aggression (P < 0.05). Regarding the findings of the current study and higher rate of symptoms in female students, this group of adolescents need special attention, proper mental health education and available counseling centers. However, further researches for evaluation of effective factors on mental health in schools are recommended.

Leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in terms of human injury and economic consequences which has a wide range of clinical protests of skin damage to fatal visceral discomfort covers. Kala-azar is a Mediterranean-type in Iran and its main reservoirs are dogs and canine family. Currently the most common disease centers are in parts of provinces such as Ardebil, Fars, East of Azerbaijan, Bushehr, Qom, and North of Khorasan. This study aimed to review the epidemiological characteristics of kala-azar cases in hospitalized patients and cases reported to health centers and Emam-Khomeini hospital in Meshkin-Shahr County.Methods and Materials: This retrospective descriptive study was performed over a period of 20 years, from 1986 until 2006. Collected epidemiological data of visceral leishmaniasis in human were analyzed by spss. The total number of patients from the year 1988 to 2005 that were affected by this disease and were reported in Emam-Khomeini hospital and health centers of Meshkin-Shahr County were 2623. With respect to age division, 98.1 percent were below 10 years old; 54.8 percent were male and 45.2 percent were female based on sexuality and the male to female ratio of disease was1.2 respectively. The maximum out breaking of kala-azar disease with 32.6 percent were in spring and winter, the minimum with 17.5 percent in summer and 17.1 percent in autumn. Most of the patients lived in rural areas. Visceral leishmaniasis is a major health problem in Meshkin-Shahr County, in particular within the rural areas. Educational programs alongside ecological studies and more intense control is recommended.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most common contaminants found in soil. PAHs exhibit a significant concern because of their toxicity, carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic properties. Using microorganisms for cleaning the pollution of soil can be cheap, effective and can provide environmental immunity. The goal of this study is to isolate and identify phenanthrene degrading bacteria from contaminated crud oil soils around Abadan refinery and evaluation of their growth.Methods and Materials: The soil samples were collected from three areas around Abadan refinery. The numbers of bacteria were counted at the nutrient agar culture with and without phenanthrene. Isolation of bacteria was done by culturing the samples on phenanthrene broth with basic mineral medium, and on phenanthrene agar medium. Then, the bacteria were determined by the biochemical diagnosis tests. Finally, with the cultivation of bacteria in concentrations of 0.5 to 0.8 g/l phenanthrene, the ability of phenanthrene biodegradation was measured. In this study, the maximum number of degrading bacteria was 8.083±0.10 at C station, and the minimum number of degrading bacteria was 5.442±0.10 at B station. In this study, the Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corinebacterium sp, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria was isolated and identified, respectively. Pseudomonas and Bacillus had the most growth and degradation in different concentrations of phenanthrene. The results of this study showed that soil around Abadan refinery has lots of phenanthrene degrading bacteria, especially Bacillus and Pseudomonas.

Nowadays, development of any society depends on the health of the organization. A healthy organization is where people love the work and are proud to be part of that organization. This study investigated the relationship between organizational health and organizational commitment of personnel in selected hospitals affiliated with Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Methods and Materials: This study was a cross-sectional applied research that was done among 168 personnel of selected teaching hospitals in Ahwaz city (Golestan and Taleghani). Data was collected by using the modified tool questionnaire of health organization (OHI) and Gee and Ford questionnaire for organizational commitment which their validity and reliability were measured before. Finally data was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. The findings showed that among the listed dimensions of organizational health, the morale had the highest average (33/04) and the sources of support (15/83) had the lowest average. The average of organizational health was 152/62 from total points (220). Also between organizational health and some of its dimensions (principal influence, support resources, academic emphasis and morale) and organizational commitment was a significant and positive relationship (P<0/05) but other aspects (horalick, consideration and initiating structure) had no significant relationship (P>0/05). Moreover, the highest correlation was between organizational commitment and academic emphasis (r=0/356) and the least significant correlation was between consideration and organizational commitment (r=0/015).Organizational health of hospital staff has significant correlation with the organizational commitment which makes them feel more loyal to their organization and take steps towards achieving organizational goals.

Fish is one of the important nutrient sources in many parts of the world. Consumption of fish like other parts of the world is high in khoozestan province. The role of fish in transmission of some parasitic agents to human is investigated by many researchers. This study aims to investigate internal and external zoonosis parasites and the importance of these parasites in transferring disease in human beings.Methods and Materials: In this study, to detect parasitic infection in Barbus sharpeyi, 20 samples were collected alive from Shadegan and Sosangerd and their external and internal parasites were isolated from skin and the internal organs of fishes. 60% Dactylogyrus pavlowsky and 5% Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was collected from the gills and skin of the fishes. 5% Contracaecum sp. and 25% Balantidium sp from intestine, 5% Myxidium rhodei from gall bladder and 15% Sarcocystis like organisms from muscles. It is suggested that raw or under cooked fishes in the endemic region be avoided. The parasitic infection should be identified amongst the other fish which are consumed by human as a part of control program in the area with high prevalence of infection.

Industrial wastewater included the dyes one of the important sources of environmental pollution, that founded in loom wastewater which are harmful for human health and environment. Therefore, the purpose of this research was investigated removal of RB5 dye from aqueous solution by using of adsorption onto activated red mud as an cheap adsorbent.Methods and Materials: This research was Experimental- Laboratorial study. The first activated red mud by mixed 20 ml nitric acid and 10 gr red mud toward 24 h, then was dry in 150 0C for 4 h. Then, acquired equilibrium time equal to 60 min, with constant other parameters. The effect of pH, contact time and initial RB5 dye concentration, kinetic and isotherm models was studied at the constant of equilibrium time equal to 60 min. Then data interpreted and analyzed by Excel software and regression confession.

Removal of dye was decreased by increasing of pH and initial dye concentration and increased by increasing of contact time. The results showed RB5 adsorption follows Freudlich isotherm (R2= 0.9836) model. Pseudo second order models (R2= 0.9882, qe= 1.67 mg/g) best describe RB5 removal by using of adsorption onto activated red mud.

The result of present work shows that can of red mud used as an effective and cheap adsorbent in fast time with high efficiency for the treatment of textile wastewater.

Anopheles stephensi is one of the main vectors of malaria in the world including south of Iran. Three geographical populations for An. stephensi have been defined, based on egg morphology. The aim of the current study is determining the ability of different geographical populations of An. stephensi in the transmission of Plasmodium berghei using ANKA strain of this parasite.Methods and Materials: Four geographical populations of An. stephensi from Bandar-Abbas, Iranshahr, Kazeroun and beach (native of India) were colonized. P. berghei strain ANKA was used to infect mice. Then the starved female mosquitoes of each population artificially fed on the infected blood of mice. In order to determine Oocyst and sporozoite development, mosquitoes were dissected at several time-points after infection. The populations of Beach and Kazeroun showed the highest infection rate as well as the highest density to oocyst development while the lowest oocyst infection was observed in Bandar-Abbas strain. Oocyst infection of Iranshahr strain was significantly higher than Bandar-Abbas but less than Beach and Kazeroun strains. The ratio of sporozoite infection in salivary glands of four populations followed the same order as oocyst infection. The highest salivary glands infection was observed in Beach population followed by Kazeroun population but Bandar-Abbas group showed the lowest salivary glands infection. It seems that geographical and ecological separation of mosquito vectors not only cause some morphological, physiological and genetical changes but also affect the sensitivity of the vector to Plasmodium. Therefore impacts of each environment crucially affect Plasmodium/Anopheles interaction. So these findings may explain the transmission ability of some Anopheles in only a particular area. Also, the results may give basic evidence on the mechanism of Plasmodium adaptation to their mosquito's vectors.